Ubuntu常用设置

系统

设置时区

  1. tzselect 按照向导选择亚洲-中国-北京
  2. timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai" 指定显示时区

更换hostname

vim /etc/hostname

磁盘

挂载新磁盘，开机自启

  1. fdisk -l 查看识别到的磁盘 data_mount_1
  2. mkdir /data 新建挂载的目标目录
  3. mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb 格式化 data_mount_2
  4. mount /dev/sdb /data 挂载目录
  5. cat /etc/mtab | grep /data >> /etc/fstab 设置开机自动挂载
  6. lsblk 查看效果 data_mount_3
  7. 先删除/etc/fstab里对应记录，再卸载目录 umount /data

网络

查询本地DNS

  1. cat /etc/resolv.conf
  2. nslookup www.baidu.com的第一行的server的IP ubuntu_dns

查看Gateway

netstat -rn中0.0.0.0对应的gateway地址 ubuntu_gateway

使用固定静态IP

ubuntu18，不再维护/etc/network/interfaces里的固定IP，而是改成/etc/netplan/*.yaml类似名称的yaml里

  1. 修改/etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    ethernets:
        ens18:
            dhcp4: false # 关闭自动dhcp
            addresses: [192.168.0.20/23] # 参考 ip a中对应网卡的ip地址和掩码
            optional: true
            gateway4: 192.168.0.1 # 网关地址
            nameservers:
                addresses: [8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114] # 多个DNS地址
    version: 2
  1. netplan apply 配置生效
  2. ping www.baidu.com 测试