Redis 使用手册
安装（Docker版）
# 普通单例启动
docker run -d \
--name redis-master \
-p 6379:6379 \
redis:3.2
# 进入redis容器的cli
docker exec -it redis-master redis-cli
组建HA集群
哨兵模式 sentinel
哨兵配置说明
sentinel monitor mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 2
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 60000
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
min-slaves-to-write 1
min-slaves-max-lag 10
- mymaster: 用户自定义的redis主节点名
- 2: 仲裁机数量quorum，同意主节点不可用的Sentinels的数量，如3个哨兵中2个认为主节点不可以，就执行切换
- down-after-milliseconds: 失联时长
- parallel-syncs: 从节点数量
- min-slaves-to-write: 至少n个节点写入成功才算
- min-slaves-max-lag: 异步确认超时，秒
常用sentinel命令
# 罗列所有sentinel 监视相关的master
sentinel masters
# 列出一个master相应的slave组相关的数据
sentinel slaves masterName
# 获取master-name相关的 ip addr 的信息
sentinel get-master-addr-by-name masterName
基本架构
+----+
| M1 |
| S1 |
+----+
|
+----+ | +----+
| R2 |----+----| R3 |
| S2 | | S3 |
+----+ +----+
Configuration: quorum = 2
redis集群，1主2从，暴露端口从6380到6382，docker-compose.yml如下：
version: '3'
services:
master:
image: redis:3.2
restart: always
container_name: redis-master
restart: always
ports:
- 6380:6379
slave1:
image: redis:3.2
restart: always
container_name: redis-slave-1
ports:
- 6381:6379
command: redis-server --slaveof redis-master 6379 --requirepass redis_pwd --masterauth redis_pwd
slave2:
image: redis:3.2
restart: always
container_name: redis-slave-2
ports:
- 6382:6379
command: redis-server --slaveof redis-master 6379 --requirepass redis_pwd --masterauth redis_pwd
docker-compose up -d启动后，自动创建redis_default网络
通过docker inspect redis-master | grep IP获取主节点在网络中的IP172.20.0.4，稍后哨兵配置要用
也可以直接使用本机IP地址+映射出来的端口，作为哨兵的配置，这里假设本地IP是
10.10.0.1进redis同级的哨兵目录，生成哨兵配置文件sentinel1.conf
port 26379
dir /tmp
; 可选：如果使用redis_default网络，用以下配置
; sentinel monitor mymaster 172.20.0.4 6379 2
sentinel monitor mymaster 10.10.0.1 6380 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster redis_pwd
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 30000
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000
复制sentinel1.conf为sentinel2.conf和sentinel3.conf
（可选）编辑生成哨兵sentinel的yaml配置，连入
redis_default网络：
version: '3'
services:
sentinel1:
image: redis:3.2
container_name: redis-sentinel-1
ports:
- 26380:26379
command: redis-sentinel /usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf
volumes:
- ./sentinel1.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf
sentinel2:
image: redis:3.2
container_name: redis-sentinel-2
ports:
- 26381:26379
command: redis-sentinel /usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf
volumes:
- ./sentinel2.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf
sentinel3:
image: redis:3.2
container_name: redis-sentinel-3
ports:
- 26382:26379
command: redis-sentinel /usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf
volumes:
- ./sentinel3.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/sentinel.conf
# 可选，连redis集群的专有网络
# networks:
# default:
# external:
# name: redis_default
docker-compose up -d启动后，进入任意sentinel验证：
docker exec -it redis-sentinel-1 bash
redis-cli -p 26379
127.0.0.1:26379> info
127.0.0.1:26379> sentinel masters
127.0.0.1:26379> sentinel master mymaster
使用
启用访问密码
- 修改
redis.conf，启用以下配置requirepass myPassword # 要设置的密码 - 重启redis
- 登录验证
$ ./redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a myPassword
127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
1) "requirepass"
2) "myPassword"
python通过哨兵访问redis
py2和py3都测试通过
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import redis
from redis.sentinel import Sentinel
# redis直连地址
REDISHOST = '10.10.0.1'
class RedisHelper(object):
def __init__(self,
channel,
host=REDISHOST,
port=6379,
sentinel_flg=False,
sentinel_hosts=None, # 哨兵列表，格式[('192.168.10.1', 26379), ('192.168.10.2',26379), ('192.168.10.3',26379)]
master_name=None, # 主节点名
password=None):
self.channel = channel
self.host = host
self.port = port
# cq 2021-8-17 哨兵模式
if sentinel_flg:
sentinel = Sentinel(sentinel_hosts, socket_timeout=0.1)
self.host, self.port = sentinel.discover_master(master_name)
if password:
self.__conn = redis.StrictRedis(
host=self.host,
port=self.port,
password=password)
else:
self.__conn = redis.StrictRedis(
host=self.host,
port=self.port)
print("host: {}, channel:{}".format(self.host, self.channel))
def ping(self):
try:
self.__conn.ping()
return True
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return False
# 发送消息
def public(self, msg):
if self.ping():
self.__conn.publish(self.channel, msg)
return True
else:
return False
# 订阅
def subscribe(self):
if self.ping():
# 打开收音机
pub = self.__conn.pubsub()
# 调频道
pub.subscribe(self.channel)
result = pub.parse_response()
# print(result) 第一条消息是订阅反馈，忽略
return pub
else:
return False
######## unit test ########
import unittest
import logging
class RedisTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# 设置环境变量
self.redishost = REDISHOST
self.channel = '---cq-test---'
self.test_msg = 'hello world'
self.sentinel_hosts = [
("0.0.0.0", 26380),
("0.0.0.0", 26381),
("0.0.0.0", 26382),
]
self.master_name = 'mymaster'
self.password = 'redis_pwd'
self.obj = RedisHelper(
channel=self.channel,
host=self.redishost,
sentinel_flg=True,
sentinel_hosts=self.sentinel_hosts,
master_name=self.master_name,
password=self.password)
def tearDown(self):
self.redishost = None
self.channel = None
self.test_msg = None
self.sentinel_hosts = None
self.master_name = None
self.password = None
self.obj = None
def test_ping(self):
# 测试ping
self.assertEqual(self.obj.ping(), True)
def test_public(self):
# 测试发布
self.assertEqual(self.obj.public(msg=self.test_msg), True)
def test_subscribe(self):
# 测试订阅
redis_sub = self.obj.subscribe()
# 先发1条
self.obj.public(msg=self.test_msg)
# 拿1条
_msg = redis_sub.parse_response()
self.assertEqual(_msg[2], self.test_msg)
if __name__=='__main__':
unittest.main()